蛋白質檢測：ELISA和WB的區別

<p>&nbsp;<font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">　　酶聯免疫吸附實驗（</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">）和蛋白質印跡法（</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Westernblotting&nbsp;</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">）是分子生物學中用于檢測和定量蛋白質的</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">種常用技術。雖然說</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">種技術都是基于特異性抗體與目標蛋白質結合的原理，但它們具有不同應用和優勢。</font></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　通過權衡</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting&nbsp;</font><font face="宋體">之間分析方面的利弊，可以更明智地決定哪種方法最適合您的實驗。兩者都是檢測和量化蛋白質重要技術，但每種技術都有自己特點。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">在本文中，我們將討論</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">之間的主要區別，以幫助您選擇合適的方法。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">區別</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是在</font><font face="Calibri">96</font><font face="宋體">孔板中進行的免疫測定，是一種簡單、快速且高度靈敏的方法來測量樣本中特定蛋白質的存在。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">通常用于定性和定量分析各種樣本類型中的蛋白質，例如血清、細胞培養上清液和尿液。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">是一種用于檢測和鑒定樣本中特定蛋白質的強大技術。蛋白質印跡法的基本原理是使用電泳分離樣本中的蛋白質，將其轉移到硝酸纖維素或</font><font face="Calibri">PVDF</font><font face="宋體">膜上，然后用針對目標蛋白質的特異性抗體探測膜。如果存在目標蛋白質，抗體就會與蛋白質結合。二抗可通過兩種主要方法之一進行檢測：化學發光或熒光。</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;<img src="/images/upload/Image/ELISA和WEB區別.jpg" alt="ELISA和WB區別" width="500" height="251" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p> <h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">特點</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">在檢測和定量蛋白質上都有各自優缺點，傳統上，每個</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">只能針對一種蛋白質，</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">難以同時分析單個樣本中的多種蛋白質。</font><strong><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">優勢如下</font></strong><font face="宋體">：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　1、需要檢測極少量的目標蛋白，或稀有或低豐度蛋白。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">的主要優勢是靈敏度高。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　2、需要測量樣本中目標蛋白質的精確量。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是確定蛋白質濃度或監測蛋白質水平隨時間變化的有效工具。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　3、實驗室時間緊迫。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">檢測快速、簡單，只需極少的樣品制備即可相對快速地完成。它是常規檢測的便捷選擇。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　由于</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">是一種高通量、靈敏且簡單的檢測方法，因此非常適合檢測大量樣本中的低豐度蛋白質。而蛋白質印跡法是一種高度特異性的技術，能夠將蛋白質分解成不同的分子量范圍，因此可用于檢測可能的蛋白質修飾和實驗條件之間的細微差異。</font><strong><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">優勢如下</font></strong><font face="宋體">：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　1、從復雜混合物中分離和鑒定目標蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">即使在復雜的蛋白質混合物（如細胞裂解物）中，</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">也能有效地分離不同分子量的蛋白質，并通過特異性抗體檢測目標蛋白。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　2、特異性識別目標蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">:Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">利用抗原抗體反應的特異性，可以從眾多蛋白質中準確地識別目標蛋白，即使目標蛋白含量較低。這使得</font><font face="Calibri">Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">成為一種強大的定性分析工具，用于確定特定蛋白質是否存在于樣本中。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　3、確認蛋白質身份和特性</font><font face="Calibri">:Westernblotting</font><font face="宋體">不僅可以確認目標蛋白的存在，還可以提供更多信息，例如：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <ul> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　分子量確認</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">通過比較蛋白質的表觀分子量與預期分子量，可以進一步確認蛋白質身份。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　翻譯后修飾檢測</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以檢測蛋白質的翻譯后修飾，例如磷酸化、糖基化等，這些修飾通常與蛋白質的功能密切相關。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　蛋白質異構體分析</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以區分蛋白質的不同剪切形式或異構體。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></li> <li><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　蛋白質純度評估</font><font face="Calibri">:</font><font face="宋體">可以評估蛋白質的純度，例如是否存在降解產物或雜質。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">　　總而言之，</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">和</font><font face="Calibri">WesternBlot</font><font face="宋體">各有其獨特的優勢和局限性，選擇哪種技術取決于具體的實驗目的和樣本特性。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">更適合高通量樣本的定量分析，尤其在檢測已知蛋白的濃度變化方面具有優勢。而</font><font face="Calibri">WesternBlot</font><font face="宋體">更適合于蛋白質的定性和表征分析，例如確定蛋白質的分子量、修飾狀態、異構體等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;&#10;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;&#10;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>